A method used to convert data (in the form of passwords, files, or emails) into an illegible format if intercepted or accessed without the correct Encryption Key. The Key is a pass phrase set by the user encrypting the data before it is stored/sent online, with the encryption software performing complex mathematical operations on the data. 

Allow multiple devices/servers to access a form of Direct/Network-attached storage, by keeping the RAID controller external from any one particular server. This means that if the server goes offline others will still be able to access the storage.

A Fibre Channel (or iSCSI) topology with at least one switch present on the network.

In the event of physical disruption to a network component, data is immediately rerouted to an alternate path so that services remain uninterrupted. Failover applies both to clustering and to multiple paths to storage. In the case of clustering, one or more services (such as Exchange) is moved over to a standby server in the event of a failure. In the case of multiple paths to storage, a path failure results in data being rerouted to a different physical connection to the storage. 

Fault–tolerance is the ability of computer hardware or software to ensure data integrity when hardware failures occur. Fault-tolerant features appear in many server operating systems and include mirrored volumes, RAID– volumes, and server clusters.

A high–speed interconnect used in storage area networks (SANs) to connect servers to shared storage. Fibre Channel components include HBAs, hubs, switches, and cabling. The term Fibre Channel also refers to the storage protocol.

Data which has an associated file system.  NAS

(FRS) is a technology that replicates files and folders stored in the SYSVOL shared folder on domain controllers and Distributed File System (DFS) shared folders. When FRS detects that a change has been made to a file or folder within a replicated shared folder, FRS replicates the updated file or folder to other servers.

The splitting up of a large data file into smaller segments which can then be stored or sent across a network. It can also be used as a term for how much a storage media is split in a disorganized state, i.e. a hard drive that is badly fragmented takes longer to read/write files to it.

This is usually created the first time a backup is run, as it takes a snapshot of all the data selected to be backed up. All data could be restored from this backup, with the need for additional incremental backup tapes, online archives to be accessed.